Desk 3 · two passports × one land · verified 2026-08
4 lenses differ on this land. Highlighted rows are where filed cells disagree — never invented scores.
Verified 2026-08MethodSourcesSame land. Different home law. Cells come from each nationality × destination overlay.
American passport
The US taxes citizens worldwide; a saving clause often keeps the US return even when a treaty exists.
US → Portugal taxFrom United StatesAustralian passport
Australia keeps Super, CGT event I1 and Age Pension rules on the Australian folder — the DTA sits between folders.
AU → Portugal taxFrom AustraliaOverlays: US → Portugal · AU → Portugal · Home × land · Two dests.
| Lens | United States | Australia |
|---|---|---|
| Treaty | yesSource US Treasury Convention text (signed Washington 6 September 1994) + Portugal OECD MLI consolidated list — US–Portugal income tax convention, entry into force 18 December 1995, generally effective from 1 January 1996 Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | Signed, not in force |
| Employment short-stay | 183Source US–Portugal 1994 Convention Art 16(2)(a) — ≤183 days in any 12-month period Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | — |
| Relief (double tax) | ordinary foreign tax creditSource US–Portugal 1994 Convention Art 25 — Relief from Double Taxation (US credit), behind the Art 1(4) saving clause Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | no treaty relief yet — Agreement signed, not in forceSource ATO / FITO status — AU–PT signed 30 Nov 2023 not yet in force; nguon/PT_SOURCES.md Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Art 4 | Cascadepermanent home → centre of vital interests → habitual abode → competent authoritySource US–PT Convention Art 4(2) (Treasury text; IRS Letter 15-0045) — permanent home → centre of vital interests (personal and economic relations) → habitual abode → competent-authority mutual agreement; no nationality rung. Protocol para 3(c) limits when a US citizen/green-card holder counts as a US treaty resident Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | — |
| SSA / totalization | yesSource SSA — the U.S.–Portugal Agreement on Social Security (signed Lisbon 30 March 1988, TIAS 12121) entered into force 1 August 1989; it eliminates dual social-security coverage and can total periods for benefits. Unlike US–Malaysia, this coordination exists Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource DSS / Services Australia — Australia–Portugal international social security agreement (Portugal on the published partner list; ATO bilateral SSA table notes start 1 October 2002) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Treaty pensions | yesSource US–PT Convention Art 20(1)(a) (US Treasury PDF) — subject to Art 21, pensions and similar remuneration derived and beneficially owned by a resident in consideration of past employment shall be taxable only in that State; Art 20(1)(b) social-security/public pensions may be taxed in the paying State Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource ATO 'Countries and jurisdictions that have a tax treaty with Australia' (Attachment A, published 29 May 2025) lists Portugal as 'not yet entered into force'; Treasury media release — the Convention between Australia and the Portuguese Republic was signed 30 November 2023 in Lisbon and will apply only after both countries exchange instruments of ratification Checked Aug 2026 · Band high · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Foreign-income hinge | yesSource AT tax-residency rules — residents typically pay tax on all their income, whether from Portugal or abroad; non-residents only pay tax on Portugal-source income Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource AT tax-residency rules — residents typically pay tax on all their income, whether from Portugal or abroad; non-residents only pay tax on Portugal-source income Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Home-side traps | yesSource nguon/US_SIDE_TRAPS.md — FBAR / Form 8938 / FEIE gates; PFIC & expatriation dollars not modelled Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource au_vn_tax / AU-side traps — residency tests, CGT deemed disposal, superannuation reuse across destinations Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Home beachhead cell | Citizenship-based tax: yesSource US domestic rule (citizenship-based taxation) — independent of any Vietnam treaty Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | CGT event I1 (home side): yesSource ITAA 1997 s 104-160; ATO QC66059 How changing residency affects CGT Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Tax-residence day test | 183 daysSource Autoridade Tributária English tax-residency rules page + CIRS Art. 16(1)(a) — resident if stayed in Portugal for more than 183 days (consecutive or interrupted) in any 12-month period beginning or ending in the tax year in question Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
|---|---|
| Foreign / worldwide income | yesSource AT tax-residency rules — residents typically pay tax on all their income, whether from Portugal or abroad; non-residents only pay tax on Portugal-source income Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Top personal rate | 48%Source CIRS Art. 68(1) (Lei 73-A/2025) — AT irs68 table: superior a €86,634; taxa normal 48,00% (ninth escalão; no taxa média listed) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Long-stay instrument | 7 days/yearSource AIMA ARI Art. 90.º-A — the ARI holder must spend at least 7 days in Portugal in the first year and at least 14 days in each subsequent year (a light physical-presence rule, not a residence-for-tax rule) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
| Local earn gate | 2157 EUR/monthSource AIMA Art. 90.º highly-qualified activity — subordinate hire needs an employer declaration of a contract paying at least 1.5× the national average gross annual salary (€2,157/month) or 3× the IAS; for shortage occupations in ISCO major groups 1 and 2 the floor is at least 1.2× the average gross salary (€1,725.60/month) or 2× the IAS (€1,018.52/month). Reference years: 2023 (average salary), 2024 (IAS) Checked Aug 2026 · Band med · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. |
Cross-check
| Land | Treaty | Relief | SSA | Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnam | No treaty in force | domestic foreign tax credit only (Form 1116) — no in-force treatySource IRS A–Z treaty list — US–Vietnam signed not in force; nguon/US_VN_DTA_STATUS.md Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource SSA International Programs — Status of Totalization Agreements / POMS GN 01701.005 country table — Vietnam absent from agreements in force Checked Aug 2026 · Band med · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | US → Vietnam |
| Thailand | yesSource US–Thailand Income Tax Convention, signed Bangkok 26 Nov 1996; Art 30 general effective date 1 Jan 1998 (irs.gov/pub/irs-trty/thailand.pdf) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary tax creditSource US–TH DTA Art 16 Dependent Personal Services (IRS thailand.pdf); relief already flagged in us_th_ftc_relief_art25 — Article 25 ordinary credit Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource SSA — U.S. International Social Security (Totalization) Agreements list does not include Thailand Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | US → Thailand |
| Indonesia | yesSource US–Indonesia Income Tax Convention signed Jakarta 11 July 1988; general effective date under Art 30: 1 January 1990 (irs.gov/pub/irs-trty/indo.pdf) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary tax creditSource US–Indonesia DTA Art 23 — foreign tax credit method (cell us_id_ftc_relief_art23 already filed) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource SSA — U.S. International Social Security (Totalization) Agreements list does not include Indonesia Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | US → Indonesia |
| Philippines | yesSource US–Philippines Income Tax Convention, signed Manila 1 Oct 1976; entered into force 16 Oct 1982 (irs.gov/pub/irs-trty/philip.pdf) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary foreign tax creditSource US–Philippines Convention Art 23 — Relief from Double Taxation (US credits PH tax; PH credits US tax); saving-clause exception under Art 6(4) — IRS philip.pdf Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource SSA — U.S. International Social Security (Totalization) Agreements list does not include the Philippines Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | US → Philippines |
| Malaysia | No treaty in force | domestic foreign tax credit only (Form 1116) — no treatySource IRS Pub 901 / A–Z treaty list — no US–Malaysia income tax treaty; nguon/MY_SOURCES.md Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource SSA — U.S. International Social Security (Totalization) Agreements list does not include Malaysia Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | US → Malaysia |
| PortugalHere | yesSource US Treasury Convention text (signed Washington 6 September 1994) + Portugal OECD MLI consolidated list — US–Portugal income tax convention, entry into force 18 December 1995, generally effective from 1 January 1996 Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary foreign tax creditSource US–Portugal 1994 Convention Art 25 — Relief from Double Taxation (US credit), behind the Art 1(4) saving clause Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource SSA — the U.S.–Portugal Agreement on Social Security (signed Lisbon 30 March 1988, TIAS 12121) entered into force 1 August 1989; it eliminates dual social-security coverage and can total periods for benefits. Unlike US–Malaysia, this coordination exists Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | US → Portugal |
| Passport | Treaty | Relief | SSA | Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU | Signed, not in force | no treaty relief yet — Agreement signed, not in forceSource ATO / FITO status — AU–PT signed 30 Nov 2023 not yet in force; nguon/PT_SOURCES.md Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource DSS / Services Australia — Australia–Portugal international social security agreement (Portugal on the published partner list; ATO bilateral SSA table notes start 1 October 2002) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | AU → Portugal |
| SG | yesSource Portugal OECD MLI consolidated position + AT convention list — Portugal–Singapore Convention, Original signed 06-09-1999, entry into force 16-03-2001; IRAS lists Portugal among Singapore's Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary tax creditSource SG–PT Agreement Art 24 — Elimination of Double Taxation (Singapore credits Portuguese tax; Portugal credits Singapore tax) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource CPF Board / Singapore domestic CPF regime — no Singapore–Portugal social security / CPF totalisation agreement published; same gate as sg_vn_social_security_agreement_in_force (nguon/SG_SIDE_TRAPS.md pattern) Checked Aug 2026 · Band med · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | SG → Portugal |
| KR | yesSource Portugal OECD MLI consolidated position — Portugal–Korea Convention, Original signed 26-01-1996, entry into force 21-12-1997 Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary tax creditSource KR–PT Convention Art 23 — Methods for Elimination of Double Taxation (credit; matches KR–TH/KR–MY pattern filed from Korean Ministry of Government sources) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource NPS social security agreements overview — Portugal is not among Korea’s published SSA partners (MOU lump-sum paths elsewhere do not equal an SSA) Checked Aug 2026 · Band med · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | KR → Portugal |
| CN | yesSource Portugal OECD MLI consolidated position + AT DTC summary table — Portugal–China Agreement, Original signed 21-04-1998, entry into force 08-06-2000 Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary tax creditSource CN–PT Agreement Art 23 — Methods for Elimination of Double Taxation (China credits Portuguese tax; Portugal credits Chinese tax) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource MOHRSS / published China bilateral social security partner list (13 countries) does not include Portugal — same gate as cn_vn_social_security_agreement_in_force Checked Aug 2026 · Band med · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | CN → Portugal |
| JP | yesSource Portugal OECD MLI consolidated position + AT DTC summary table (Parliament's Resolution 50/2012) — Convention between the Portuguese Republic and Japan, Original signed 19-12-2011, entry into force 28-07-2013 Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary tax creditSource JP–PT Convention Art 22 — Elimination of Double Taxation (Portugal credits Japanese tax; Japan credits Portuguese tax) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | noSource Japan Pension Service — Status of Agreements in Force (24 partners) does not include Portugal Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | JP → Portugal |
| UK | yesSource GOV.UK 'Portugal: tax treaties' + HMRC DT15600 — the 2025 UK–Portugal Double Taxation Convention (SI 2025 No. 1300), signed in London 15 September 2025, entered into force 29 December 2025; effective in the UK from 1 Jan 2026 (WHT), 1 Apr 2026 (CT), 6 Apr 2026 (IT/CGT), and in Portugal from 1 Jan 2026 Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary tax creditSource UK–Portugal 2025 DTC Art 21 — Elimination of Double Taxation, UK credit for Portuguese tax Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource GOV.UK NI38 — Portugal is an EU social security agreement country for the UK Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | UK → Portugal |
| CA | yesSource Portugal OECD MLI consolidated position + AT DTC summary table (Parliament's Resolution 81/00) + Finance Canada treaty list — Canada–Portugal Convention, Original signed 14-06-1999, entry into force 24-10-2001 Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary foreign tax creditSource CA–PT Convention Art 22 — Elimination of Double Taxation (Canada deducts Portuguese tax; Portugal credits Canadian tax) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource CRA — Canada–Portugal social security agreement EIF 1 May 1981 (CPT55) Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | CA → Portugal |
| USHere | yesSource US Treasury Convention text (signed Washington 6 September 1994) + Portugal OECD MLI consolidated list — US–Portugal income tax convention, entry into force 18 December 1995, generally effective from 1 January 1996 Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | ordinary foreign tax creditSource US–Portugal 1994 Convention Art 25 — Relief from Double Taxation (US credit), behind the Art 1(4) saving clause Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | yesSource SSA — the U.S.–Portugal Agreement on Social Security (signed Lisbon 30 March 1988, TIAS 12121) entered into force 1 August 1989; it eliminates dual social-security coverage and can total periods for benefits. Unlike US–Malaysia, this coordination exists Checked Aug 2026 · Band low · Status fresh Method: figures past 2× SLA hide. See /method · /status · /changelog. | US → Portugal |